Biology: Chapter 11 Test Review

1. List four facts about genes.

2. What are autosomes?

3. What are alleles?

4. What is locus?

5. List four facts about sex chromosomes.

6. What is the karyotype for a normal human female?

7. What is the karyotype for a normal human male?

8. Where is the SRY gene found?

9. What is a karyotype?

10. Karotyping is usually done using what kind of cells?

11. In karyotyping, individual chromosomes may be distinguished from others by what three traits?

12. What chemical is used to keep chromosomes from separating during metaphase?

13. Karyotyping involves taking pictures of chromosomes during what phase?

14. Karyotype analysis is used to detect what?

15. What is crossing over?

16. What is linkage-group?

17. If two genes are almost always found in the same gamete, they are located where?

18. What four different things can happen to genes located on the same chromosome?

19. If alleles L, M, and N are on the same maternal chromosome and l, m, and n are on the same paternal chromosome, the only way that a gamete from a heterozygote will produce a gamete with allele’s l, m, and N is through what?

20. If the paternal chromosome has allele’s L, M, and n and the maternal chromosomes have l, m, and N, then the chromosome that is not a product of crossing over is what?

21. Genetic recombination as a result of crossing over occurs more readily in genes that are located where?

22. List four chromosomal aberrations.

23. List four organisms that would be great subjects for genetic research.

24. In a pedigree chart, a male showing a specific trait being studied would be indicated by a what?

25. In a pedigree chart, a female who does not demonstrate the trait being studied is represented by a what?

26. List four different genetic disorders.

27. List four autosomal dominant genetic disorders.

28. A normal woman mated with a man with achondroplasia whose father was normal. What is the chance that this mating will produce offspring with achondroplasia?

29. What is Galactosemia?

30. A normal woman whose father had Galactosemia mated with a normal man whose mother also was galactosemic. What is the chance that they will have galactosemic children?

31. A colorblind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind have a daughter. Colorblindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. The probability that their daughter is colorblind is what?

32. A colorblind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind have a son. Colorblindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. If only the male offspring are considered, the probability that their son is colorblind is what percentage?

33. Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. A colorblind woman and a man with normal vision have a son. What is the probability that the son is colorblind?

34. Re-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. What is the probability that a colorblind woman and a man with normal vision will have a colorblind daughter?

35. If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from whom?

36. A human X-linked recessive gene may be passed on to daughters from their ________ and to sons from their __________.

37. What is an X-linked carrier?

38. Colorblindness is a X-linked trait in humans. If a colorblind woman marries a man with normal vision, their sons will be __________ and their daughters will be __________.

39. A woman heterozygous for colorblindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their first born child will be colorblind?

40. What was Queen Victoria?

41. What is hemophilia?

42. What causes progeria?

44. A chromosome’s genes sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDLMNOP afterward is an example of what?

45. A chromosome’s genes sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of what?

46. A chromosome that has been broken and rejoined in a reverse sequence has undergone what?

47. A chromosome’s genes sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABFEDCG after is an example of what?

48. Certain human cancer cells may demonstrate _______________.

49. What condition occurring when an organism has a 2n + 1 chromosome composition is known as what?

50. Down syndrome involves trisomy in what chromosome?

51. What is nondisjunction?

52. What do phenotypic treatments involve?

53. What may suppress the symptoms of PKU?

54. What is Turner syndrome?

55. What is the karyotype of a person with Turner’s syndrome?

56. What is the karyotype of a person with Klinefelter’s syndrome?

57. When is the best time to perform amniocentesis?

58. What does preimplantation diagnosis depend upon?

59. List four conditions caused by nondisjunction.

60. List four disorders caused by recessive genes.