Unit 8


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Unit 8 Test

Chapters 19, 20, 21

Circle the letter of the response which best answers the question or completes the statement.

Chapter 19
  1. A significant characteristic of American politics at the national level during the late nineteenth century was the:
    1. Development of a true multiparty system.
    2. Dominance of the Republican Party in popular support.
    3. Dominance of the Democratic Party in popular support.
    4. Nearly equal division of popular support of the Democratic and Republican parties.
  1. In the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups would least likely vote Democratic?
    1. Roman Catholics of immigrants origin.
    2. Protestant farmers of the South.
    3. Unskilled wage earners.
    4. Northern blacks.
  1. Before the passage of civil service-reform legislation, there were about 100,000 civilian federal government jobs to be filled by presidential appointment. Of these, the greatest percentage were in the:
    1. Post office.
    2. Department of the Army.
    3. Attorney general’s office.
    4. Department of the Treasury.
  1. Which of the following acts was passed as a direct result of the assassination of Garfield?
    1. The Mills Tariff Act.
    2. The Pendleton Civil Service Act.
    3. The Sherman Antitrust Act.
    4. The Dependent Pension Act.
  1. In the election of 1884, when Dr. Samuel Burchard spoke of the party of "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion," he was referring to the:
    1. Populists.
    2. Stalwarts.
    3. Democrats.
    4. Liberal Republicans.

 

  1. The most significant issue in the presidential election of 1888 was:
    1. Civil service reform.
    2. The Mulligan letters.
    3. Free silver.
    4. The tariff.
  1. Congress justified its passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act on the basis of its constitutional power to:
    1. Levy taxes.
    2. Promote the general welfare.
    3. Regulate interstate commerce.
    4. Forbid any business practice that impaired free competition or threatened the capitalist system.
  1. The significance of the Supreme Courts ruling in the case of United States v. E. C. Knight was that:
    1. The Pendleton Act was strengthened.
    2. The Sherman Antitrust Act was considerably weakened.
    3. Private veterans’ pension bills were declared unconstitutional.
    4. Congress’s exclusive power over interstate commerce was affirmed.
  1. What provision accompanied the slight rate reductions of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894?
    1. Levying an export tax.
    2. Establishing an income tax.
    3. Arranging reciprocal-trade agreements.
    4. Introducing the principle of free trade.
  1. The so-called Granger Laws were designed to regulate:
    1. Child labor.
    2. The export of farm crops.
    3. Railroad and warehouse rates.
    4. Minimum wages and maximum hours.
  1. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 included three of the following provisions. Which is the exception?
    1. Rebates and drawbacks were prohibited.
    2. Railroads were required to publish their rates.
    3. Long-haul and short-haul rate discriminations were prohibited.
    4. The Interstate Commerce Commission was given exclusive power to establish "reasonable and just" rate for railroads.

 

 

 

  1. During the 1860s and 1870s, the Grangers carried out three of the following activities. Which is the exception?
    1. They established cooperatives.
    2. They forges a political coalition with organized labor.
    3. They supported political candidates sympathetic to the farmers’ needs.
    4. They disseminated information about new scientific agricultural techniques.
  1. One of the most important Southern Alliance leaders were:
    1. Roscoe Conkling.
    2. Marcus Hanna.
    3. Tom Watson.
    4. James G. Blaine.
  1. The Populists in 1892 favored three of the following. Which is the exception?
    1. The direct election of senators.
    2. The abolition of the graduated income tax
    3. Government ownership of railroads, telephones, and telegraphs.
    4. The establishment of "subtreasuries" that would advance loans against stored crops.
  1. Three of the following were contributory causes of the Panic of 1893. Which is the exception?
    1. The tax policies of the federal government on big business.
    2. Excessive capital investments, especially by railroads.
    3. The loss of American markets abroad due to depressed conditions in Europe.
    4. Weakened purchasing power of farmers due to depressed prices in agriculture.
  1. In order to alleviate unemployment produced by the Panic of 1893, Jacob S. Coxey proposed:
    1. A new dependent pensions bill.
    2. Drafting the unemployment into the Army.
    3. Creating jobs by means of government public works programs.
    4. A welfare program of unemployment compensation.
  1. The expression "Crime of ’73" refers to the:
    1. Discontinuance of silver coinage.
    2. Adoption of a bimetallic standard.
    3. Inflation produced by the unlimited coinage of silver.
    4. Fixing of the ratio between silver and gold at 16 to1.

 

 

 

  1. The most important issue in the 1896 presidential campaign was:
    1. The tariff.
    2. Foreign policy.
    3. The civil service.
    4. The money question.
  1. The significance of the "cross of gold" speech was that:
    1. It ended the "battle of the standards."
    2. It inspired the Populists to oppose free silver.
    3. It led to William Jennings Bryan’s Democratic presidential nomination.
    4. It helped persuade Congress to adopt the gold Standard Act of 1900.
  1. The issue of free coinage of silver rapidly declined in importance among framers after 1896 partly because:
    1. Farm prices began to rise.
    2. Farmers lost interest in politics.
    3. Tariff rates declined and imports increased.
    4. Voters became more knowledgeable about economic issues.

Chapter 20
  1. The New Manifest Destiny of the 1890s differed from traditional American expansionism in that the territories acquired in the 1890s were:
    1. Not likely to become states.
    2. Not contiguous with existing states or territories.
    3. Not considered suitable for massive American settlement.
    4. All of the above.
  1. The text lists three factors that contributed directly or indirectly to the development of the new Manifest Destiny at the turn of the century. Which of the following is not one of the three?
    1. The depression of 1893.
    2. The concept of the closing of the frontier.
    3. The declining volume of American foreign trade.
    4. The Populist movement and other class protests.
  1. Alfred Thayer Mahan was significant to the development of American imperialism through his writing on:
    1. Sea power.
    2. Social Darwinism.
    3. Christian missions.
    4. Dialectical materialism.

 

 

  1. As a result of the naval building program begun in the 1870s, by 1900 the U.S. Navy was:
    1. The most powerful in the world.
    2. The third most powerful in the world.
    3. The tenth most powerful in the world.
    4. Actually weaker than in 1880 because of corruption in spending naval appropriations.
  1. Which of the following was not a result of increasing American influence in the Hawaiian Islands beginning in the 1830s?
    1. The native population declined significantly due to disease.
    2. Native religion was undermined by Christian missionaries.
    3. Asian immigrants were prevented from residing in Hawaii.
    4. American sugar plantations dominated the economy.
  1. In 1893, a revolution in Hawaii overthrew the government of Queen Liliuokalani. This revolution was instigated mainly by:
    1. Spanish imperialists.
    2. Native inhabitants of Hawaii.
    3. Asian immigrants to Hawaii.
    4. American plantation interests.
  1. President Grover Cleveland’s reaction to the revolution in Hawaii that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani was to:
    1. Invoke the Monroe Doctrine.
    2. Send in the marines to protect the United States investment.
    3. Urge immediate annexation of the islands by the United States.
    4. Do none of the above.
  1. Three of the following were competitors for control of the Samoan Islands in the 1880s and 1890s. Which is the exception?
    1. Germany.
    2. Great Britain.
    3. Japan.
    4. United States.
  1. The Wilson-Gorman tariff of 1894 had disastrous effects on the economy of Cuba because of its very high duties on:
    1. Rum.
    2. Cotton.
    3. Tobacco.
    4. Sugar.

 

 

 

  1. The expression "yellow journalism" refers to the newspaper that emphasized:
    1. Unwavering loyalty to the Democratic Party in the South.
    2. Pacifism in foreign affairs.
    3. Lurid and sensational news.
    4. The dangers of Oriental immigration.
  1. Which of the following newspaper publishers were accused of using "yellow journalism" in their coverage of the trouble in Cuba in the 1890s? (Mark two letters.)
    1. William Randolph Hearst.
    2. Josiah Strong.
    3. Valeriano Welyer.
    4. Joseph Pulitzer.
  1. The de Lome letter had the effect of:
    1. Discrediting the McKinley administration in U.S. eyes.
    2. Worsening United States-Spanish relations.
    3. Exposing United States imperialistic ambitions.
    4. Temporarily improving United States-Spanish relations.
  1. Commodore George Dewey was noteworthy to the Spanish-American War for:
    1. Capturing Puerto Rico.
    2. Sinking the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.
    3. Sinking the Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor.
    4. Preventing Spanish reinforcements from reaching Cuba.
  1. American preparation and mobilization for the military operations against Cuba in 1898 may most accurately be described or characterized as:
    1. Remarkably inefficient and incompetent.
    2. Adequate, but lacking in popular enthusiasm and support.
    3. Remarkably quick and efficient in spite of poor planning and leadership.
    4. Highly professional, well-organized, and efficient in both planning and execution.
  1. The use of African-American troops in the United States Army during the Spanish-American War had the effect of:
    1. Leading to the complete desegregation of the United States military.
    2. Promoting a significant, if temporary, wave of racial unity throughout the nation.
    3. Arousing racial tensions among troops and with communities around posts, especially in several southern states.
    4. None of the above, for there were no blacks troops in the United States military at this time.

 

 

  1. In additions to waging military expeditions against the Spanish in Cuba and the Philippines, the United States invaded:
    1. Morocco.
    2. Barcelons.
    3. Puerto Rico.
    4. El Salvador.
  1. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for Spain to transfer to the United States three of the following. Which is the exception?
    1. Guam.
    2. Virgin Islands.
    3. Philippines.
    4. Puerto Rico.
  1. The most serious issue in the debate over ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 was:
    1. The status of the Philippines.
    2. Political rights of Puerto Rican natives.
    3. American commercial rights in Cuba.
    4. The sum of money to be paid by Spain to the United States.
  1. The motive of the United States in contributing troops to the rescue of the besieged diplomats during the boxer Rebellion was:
    1. Punish China.
    2. Demonstrate American power to the Europeans.
    3. Gain a foothold in China for an American sphere of influence.
    4. Have a voice in the final settlement and prevent the dismemberment of China.
  1. The reforms of Elihu Root in the period between 1900 and 1903 were significant in:
    1. Improving the federal bureaucracy.
    2. Modernizing the United States Army.
    3. Curbing monopolistic business practices.
    4. Cleaning up corruption in the Navy Department.

Chapter 21

  1. Three of the following statements express general beliefs of the progressives. Which is the exception?
    1. An optimistic vision that society is capable of improvement.
    2. A faith in knowledge and a belief that the belief that the principles of social and natural sciences should be applied to society.
    3. That government should play an important role in improving and stabilizing society.
    4. That government should maintain a policy of strict laissez faire with respect to economic and social matters.
  1. Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were most closely associated with:
    1. Muckraking.
    2. The Social Gospel.
    3. Socia Darwinism.
    4. Sociological jurisprudence.
  1. One of the most significant examples of the Social Gospel at work was:
    1. Tammany Hall.
    2. The Salvation Army.
    3. The Chamber of Commerce.
    4. The General Federation of Women’s Clubs.
  1. The Social Gospel:
    1. Helped bring to progressive a powerful moral component.
    2. Became the dominant philosophy in urban reform.
    3. Was dismissed by serious reformers as irrelevant moralization.
    4. Was rejected as materialistic by Pope Leo XIII.
  1. Most progressive theorists stressed that ignorance, poverty, and even criminality resulted mainly from
    1. A person’s "fitness" for survival.
    2. Inherent moral or genetic failings.
    3. The workings of divine providence.
    4. The effects of an undesirable environment.
  1. Jane Addam’s Hull House was established for the purpose of:
    1. Treating the insane.
    2. Rehabilitating drug addicts.
    3. Aiding the urban poor, especially immigrants.
    4. Disseminating scientific-farming information.
  1. The professional roles available to women in the early twentieth century were:
    1. Widely expanded by custom and law into virtually every field of work.
    2. Restricted entirely to the settlement houses and social work.
    3. Free of the organizational
    4. Most often those involving "helping" or " domestic" activities associated with traditionally female roles.
  1. The women’s club movement tended to attract its membership primarily from:
    1. The rural poor.
    2. Recent immigrants.
    3. The urban working classes.
    4. The urban middle and upper classes.

 

 

  1. In general, the women’s club movement:
    1. Confined its activities to social and cultural activities.
    2. Seldom adopted positions on controversial public issues.
    3. Overtly challenged the prevailing assumptions about the proper role of women in society.
    4. Played an important role in winning passage of state laws regulating conditions of housing and the workplace.
  1. The advocated of women’s suffrage significantly increased their general public support during the progressive era when they put increased emphasis on the argument that women’s suffrage would:
    1. Lead to full social and economic power for women within a generation.
    2. Increase political power and office-holding opportunities available to women.
    3. Bring more women into the industrial work force, thereby countering recession.
    4. Enhance the likelihood of the successful enactment of other progressive reform causes.
  1. During the first two decades of the twentieth century, before the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, women gained the right to vote in at least some elections in:
    1. All the states.
    2. Only a few of the far western states.
    3. The majority of the states.
    4. None of the states.
  1. The most important professional opportunity open to educated black women in the early years of the twentieth century was:
    1. Law.
    2. Medicine.
    3. Education.
    4. Journalism.
  1. The secret ballot was adopted by most states:
    1. Right after the Constitution was ratified.
    2. During the rise of "Jacksonian Democracy."
    3. During the Reconstruction period.
    4. During the late nineteenth century.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. During the progressive period, a new form of city government was development in which the elected city officials hired a professionally trained administrator to run the government. This administrator was usually known as the:
    1. Strong mayor.
    2. City manager.
    3. Municipal commissioner.
    4. Urban administrative specialist.
  1. Which of the following was not a progressive electoral reform measure?
    1. Recall.
    2. Initiative.
    3. Referendum.
    4. Election by district or ward.
  1. Robert M. La Follette was significant in the progressive period of American history as:
    1. An investigative reporter.
    2. A reform mayor of Cleveland.
    3. A reform governor of Wisconsin.
    4. A corrupt city boss of New York.
  1. Three of the following were included in the progressive reforms enacted in some states during the early 1900s. Which is the exception?
    1. The reduction of corporation taxes.
    2. Graduated taxes on inheritances.
    3. The effective state regulation of railroads and utilities.
    4. Provisions for worker’s compensation for on-the-job injuries.
  1. Partly in response to progressive political reforms, the:
    1. Power of party organizations collapsed.
    2. Turnout of eligible voters increased.
    3. Influence of special-interest groups increased.
    4. Influence of party bosses disappeared.
  1. Which of the following groups was most opposed to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment (alcohol prohibition)?
    1. Catholic immigrants.
    2. Rural fundamentalists.
    3. Settlement house workers.
    4. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union.

 

 

 

 

  1. The anti-immigration movement that emerged during the progressive period was fueled by three of the following arguments. Which is the exception?
    1. Immigrants were creating unmanageable urban problems.
    2. Unrestricted immigration was a threat to the nation’s racial purity.
    3. The new immigrants were much less assimilable than were earlier immigrants.
    4. A completely open immigration policy was contrary to American tradition.