Unit 6


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Unit 6 Test

Chapters 13, 14, and 15

Circle the letter of the response which best answers the question or completes the statement.

Chapter 13

      1. The idea that God and history had selected America to expand its boundaries over the continent of North American was known as:

    1. Manifest Destiny.
    2. Divine right.
    3. White supremacy.
    4. Nativism.
  1. When the new republic of Texas requested annexation by the United States:
    1. The American government quickly agreed.
    2. Americans in the North opposed acquiring a large new slave territory.
    3. Southerners, led by President Jackson, pushed for annexation.
    4. Mexico gave up all claims to Texas.
  1. American immigrants into Oregon:
    1. Did not outnumber the British until after the Civil War.
    2. Had little impact on the few Native Americans there.
    3. Outnumbered the British by 1850.
    4. Were mostly fur trappers.
  1. Immigrants going west on the great overland trails faced the least danger from:
    1. Hostile Indians.
    2. Diseases.
    3. Mountain and desert terrain.
    4. Hunger.
  1. Which of the following was not part of President Polk’s policy regarding New Mexico and California?
    1. Sending troops to the Nueces River in Texas.
    2. Informing Americans in California that the United States would respond sympathetically to a revolt against Mexico.
    3. Instructing the Pacific naval commander to seize California ports if Mexico declared war.
    4. Ceasing all diplomatic contact with Mexico.
  1. By combing the Oregon and the Texas issue in 1844, Democrats hoped to:
    1. Start a war with Mexico and Great Britain.
    2. Attract John Tyler to the Democratic Party.
    3. Divert attention from the slavery issue.
    4. Appeal to both northern and southern expansionists.

 

  1. The war with Mexico was criticized:
    1. By southerners that believed Polk deliberately maneuvered the country into the conflict on behalf of northern interests.
    2. By northerners that believed it was part of slaveholders’ plot to bring in more slave states.
    3. By businessmen who believed it would hurt commerce with England and Mexico.
    4. By democrats from all sections of the nation.
  1. The Wilmot Proviso:
    1. Went into law without the president’s signature.
    2. Passed the House but not the Senate.
    3. Was a compromise acceptable to the South and the North but not the West.
    4. Drew very little attention outside of Congress.
  1. The "overlord" of the Sacramento River valley and the man on whose land gold was discovered was:
    1. John C. Fremont.
    2. John A. Sutter.
    3. Nicholas Trist.
    4. Lewis Cass.
  1. The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following except:
    1. California would come in as free state.
    2. In the rest of the lands acquired from Mexico, territorial governments would be formed without restrictions on slavery.
    3. The national government would not pay the Texas debt.
    4. The slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished in the District of Columbia.
  1. Which of the following did not support the Compromise of 1850?
    1. Henry Clay.
    2. Zachary Taylor.
    3. John C. Calhoun.
    4. Daniel Webster.
  1. The new leaders emerging in Congress after the ‘Compromise of 1850 were?
    1. Lass able politicians.
    2. More concerned with narrow interest of self –promotions.
    3. As skilled at compromise as the older leaders.
    4. Interested in broad national issues.

 

  1. The question of statehood for Kansas and Nebraska became a critical issue because:
    1. Of the question of weather they would be slave or free states.
    2. Of southern fear that a transcontinental railroad would be built through them.
    3. Of northern concern over new wheat states and depressed grain prices.
    4. Many believed that they could never support a population sufficient to justify statehood.
  1. Northerners who accepted the concepts of "free soil" and " free labor" believed:
    1. Slavery was dangerous not because of what it did to blacks but because of what it did to whites.
    2. Slavery opened the door to economic opportunity for whites.
    3. Slavery was what made the South a glorious civilization and one that should be admired.
    4. Slave labor would work in northern factories and should be allowed to expand.
  1. Through personal liberty laws northern states attempted to:
    1. Use state authority to interfere with the deportation of fugitive states.
    2. Force industries to recognize labor unions.
    3. Allow women to own property.
    4. Extend the right to vote to all tax – paying adults.
  1. Southerners who believed in the "positive – good" theory argued:
    1. Slavery was good for blacks.
    2. Slavery was maintained, even though it was not profitable for whites.
    3. Northern factory workers were better off than slaves, but they deserved to be because they were white.
    4. Blacks were not biologically inferior, they just needed time to catch up culturally.
  1. American efforts to buy or seize Cuba failed because:
    1. International pressure was put on President Pierce.
    2. There was little nationalism in the nation by the 1850s.
    3. Antislavery forces in the North opposed it.
    4. It was believed we had more territory than we could use.
  1. The Dred Scott decision:
    1. Affirmed the South’s argument that the Constitution guaranteed the existence of slavery.
    2. Was a victory for the antislavery movement.
    3. Declared Scott a free man.
    4. Outlawed the interstate slave trade.

 

  1. Abraham Lincoln:
    1. Believed slavery was morally wrong but was not an abolitionist.
    2. Had been a democrat before he became a Republican.
    3. Believed the expansion of slavery would hurt the spread of free labor.
    4. Tried to avoid the slavery issue in his debated with Douglas.
    5. Both a and c
  1. The single event that did the most to convince white southerners they could not live safely in the Union was:
    1. The election of Lincoln.
    2. The Pottawatomie Massacre.
    3. John Brown’s raid.
    4. The Dred Scott decision.

 

      Chapter 14
  1. By the end of the 1850s the two-party system in the United States:
    1. Was the only thing holding the nation together.
    2. Still focused on the issues that had created the "second party system."
    3. Had reduced slavery to a minor issue.
    4. Accentuated rather than muted regional controversy.
  1. The first seven Southern states that seceded were:
    1. In the lower South.
    2. The states where the largest concentration of slaves were located.
    3. The home of the outspoken "fire eater."
    4. All of the above.
  1. Which of the following stands did President Buchanan take after the first state seceded?
    1. No state has the right to secede from the Union.
    2. The federal government has no authority to stop a state from seceding from the nation.
    3. Federal troops should be called out to stop secession.
    4. Secession was a legal act.
    5. Both a and b
  1. Which of the following was true when the Civil War began?
    1. All the important material advantages lay with the North.
    2. The South had the active support of England.
    3. Southern industry was sufficient to conduct a war.
    4. The Union was prepared for a long war.

 

  1. Which of the following was not an advantage enjoyed by the South at the outset of the war?
    1. It would be fighting, for the most part, a defensive war.
    2. Most of the white population of the South supported the war.
    3. Northern opinion on the war was divided.
    4. None of the above.
  1. Which of the following was not enacted by the Republican Party during the Civil War.
    1. A new National Bank Act.
    2. Increased taxes on almost all goods and services.
    3. Higher tariffs.
    4. Hard money policies requiring all payments in gold or silver.
  1. In which of the following acts did Lincoln not " ignore" the Constitution?
    1. Sending troops into battle without asking for a declaration of war.
    2. Increasing the size of the regular army.
    3. Putting diplomatic pressure on England not to recognize the Confederacy.
    4. Unilaterally proclaiming a naval blockade of the South.
  1. During the Civil War Northern women:
    1. Did not become involved in the conflict.
    2. Tried to get the men they knew to stay home.
    3. Entered nursing, a field previously dominated by men.
    4. Did work at home but made no contribution to the needs of employers for additional labor.
  1. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves.
    1. In the North as well as the South.
    2. In areas of the Confederacy except those already under Union control.
    3. And offered compensation to he masters in slave states that remained loyal to the Union.
    4. In the South but offered to return them to masters who declared their loyalty to the Union.
  1. The Civil War was difficult on American workers because it:
    1. Cut off immigration and they had to work harder.
    2. Drove pieces up and cut purchasing power.
    3. Prevented mechanization, so they had to work longer hours.
    4. Removed almost all women from the workplace.

 

  1. The Confederacy ultimately financed its war effort through:
    1. An income tax.
    2. Requisitions from the staples.
    3. Paper money.
    4. Tariffs on imported goods.
  1. The greatest source of division in the South was:
    1. The doctrine states’ rights.
    2. The difference of opinion over the war.
    3. The question of whether to use slaves in combat.
    4. Over "King Cotton diplomacy."
  1. The most concrete legacy of the Civil War for Southern white women was the:
    1. Recognition that women could do men’s work and the opening of more employment opportunities.
    2. Elevation in status they enjoyed when the slaves were freed.
    3. Decimation of the male population and the creation of a major sexual imbalance in the region.
    4. The loss of status when the slaves were freed.
  1. In England, which of the following supported the South?
    1. Unenfranchised classes.
    2. Ruling classes.
    3. Liberals.
    4. English manufacturers.
  1. The United States was upset when England declared neutrality because:
    1. It meant the England might aid the South.
    2. It meant that the two sides in the conflict were of equal stature.
    3. The South could easily get English loans.
    4. Such a declaration usually led to diplomatic recognition.
  1. The first battle of the Civil War was:
    1. Shiloh.
    2. The Seven Days.
    3. First Bull Run.
    4. Wilson’s Creek.
  1. The bloodiest engagement of the Civil War was fought at:
    1. Antietam.
    2. Gettysburg.
    3. Atlanta.
    4. Chickamauga.

 

 

  1. Sherman’s march through Georgia was designed to:
    1. Find supplies for the Union armies in Virginia.
    2. Free the slaves in central Georgia.
    3. Get Lincoln reelected.
    4. Break the will of the Southern people.
  1. "King Cotton diplomacy":
    1. Enabled the South to get all the war material it needed from Europe.
    2. Worked for most of the war.
    3. Was a failure.
    4. Worked for the North.
  1. In the Indian territory in the West the Civil War:
    1. Was hardly felt.
    2. Was seen as a war between whites, and the Indians did not care who won.
    3. Resulted in something of a civil war all its own.
    4. Allowed the Indians to force the United States to give them better treaty terms.

 

      Chapter 15
  1. The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
    1. Declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
    2. Officially ended slavery
    3. Granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
    4. Provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
    5. Opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans.
  1. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
    1. Declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
    2. Officially ended slavery.
    3. Granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
    4. Provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
    5. Opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans.

 

  1. The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
    1. Declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
    2. Officially ended slavery.
    3. Granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
    4. Provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
  1. Which faction of the Republican Party wanted Reconstruction to punish the former Confederacy, disenfranchise large numbers of Southern whites, and confiscate the property of leading Confederates?
    1. Moderates.
    2. Conservatives
    3. Redeemers
    4. Scalybaggers
    5. Radicals
  1. Which best describes Congressional reaction to the former Confederate states that had set up new governments under Andrew Johnson’s "presidential Reconstruction"?
    1. They fully accepted all of the states except Georgia and South Carolina, which had elected no blacks to office.
    2. They conditionally accepted all of the states pending the results of local and state elections.
    3. They refused to seat the senators and representatives from the states and set up a committee to investigate and advise on Reconstruction.
    4. They fully accepted all of the states west of the Mississippi River, but required new constitutions in the others.
  1. The "Black Codes" were a set of regulations established by:
    1. The Congress to protest the rights of the former slaves to own property and find employment.
    2. The U.S. Supreme Court to enforce the provisions of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
    3. The northern states to prevent a massive influx of former slaves from entering their states and seeking homes and jobs.
    4. The southern states to promote white supremacy and to control the economic and social activities of the freedmen.

 

  1. Which of the following, if any, was not a provision of the Congressional plan of Reconstruction enacted in early 1867?
    1. Dividing the South into military districts administered by military commanders.
    2. Requiring former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
    3. Mandating former Confederate states, and a condition of readmission to the Union, to hold a constitutional Convention and prepare a constitution providing for black male suffrage.
    4. Declaring that each state must present a plan for distributing farmland to, or providing jobs for, the former slaves.
    5. All of the above were provisions of the Congressional plan or Reconstruction.
  1. Critics of native Southern whites who joined the Republican Party called them:
    1. carpetbaggers
    2. whippersnappers
    3. scalawags
    4. filibusterers
  1. Which best describes the extent of "Negro rule" in the Southern states during Reconstruction?
    1. African Americans played a significant political role in several states but never elected a governor or controlled a state legislature.
    2. Some African Americans held local elective offices and a very few were elected to state legislatures but the numbers were politically inconsequential in every state.
    3. In the Deep South states where African Americans constituted a majority of the voters due to white disenfranchisement, blacks dominated both housed of the state legislatures and controlled state politics as long as federal troops remained in the South.
    4. African Americans did not actually hold many offices in any state, but they effectively dominated local offices in all but Tennessee and Arkansas through alliances with white Republicans.
  1. What institution was the key point of contact in the agricultural credit system for most Southern farmers, black and white, in the late nineteenth century?
    1. Small towns banks owned by Northerners.
    2. Large diversified planters.
    3. Finance companies in the larger cities such as Atlanta and Memphis.
    4. Mail order mortgage companies operating out of New York.

 

      51. In the late nineteenth century, the agricultural credit system in the South encouraged farmers to:

    1. Rely heavily on cash crop-especially cotton.
    2. Diversify away from cotton toward food grains and livestock.
    3. Adopt the use of mechanization on increasingly larger farms.
    4. Abandon farming and invest in capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises.

      52. Ulysses S. Grant’s election as president was largely a result of his being:

    1. Governor of New York during the postwar economic boom.
    2. A triumphant commanding general of the Union army.
    3. The popular administrator of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
    4. A flamboyant cavalry officer in the western Indian wars.

      53. Which of the following, if any, was not associated with the "Compromise of 1877"?

      a. Removal of the last federal troops from the South.

      b. Increased federal aid for railroads and other internal improvements.

    1. Appointment of a Southerner to the cabinet.
    2. Making Rutherford B. Hayes president.
    1. All of the above were associated with the "Compromise of 1877".

      54. Which, of the following, if any, is not cited by the text as a reason that Reconstruction failed to accomplish more to promote racial equality in the United States?

    1. Fear that harsh action might lead to resumed military action by the Southern states, even though they had been defeated.
    2. Attachment to a states’ rights view of the Constitution, even for the rebel states.
    3. Deep respect for private property rights, even for the leading
      Confederates.
    4. Belief in black inferiority by many whites, even Northern liberals.
    5. All of the above were cited as reasons that Reconstruction failed to accomplish more.
  1. The "solid" South refers to the:
    1. Work ethic values of Southern whites.
    2. Courage of Confederate soldiers during the war despite being outnumbered.
    3. Steady returns that Northern bakers could expect from investment in cotton.
    4. The fact that the Democratic Party could count on the votes of the Southern states after Reconstruction.

 

 

  1. In most states, the "Redeemers" or "Bourbons" were typically composed of :
    1. A newly emerging class of merchants, industrialists, railroad developers, and financiers.
    2. Essentially the same old planter elite that had dominated antebellum politics.
    3. A coalition of poor, working class whites and blacks.
    4. White farmers who owned small to medium farms.
  1. Henry W. Grady was:
    1. The Builder of the American Tobacco Company.
    2. An Atlanta editor who became a leading spokesman for the" New South" idea.
    3. The person principally responsible for Birmingham, Alabama, becoming an iron and steel production center.
    4. The governor of South Carolina who was most vociferous in advocating that blacks should migrate from the South to take industrial jobs in the North.
  1. The "convict-lease" system was an arrangement whereby:
    1. Southern states housed Northern prisoners as a way to fund prisons with out raising taxes.
    2. A white man convicted of a nonviolent crime could pay a poor person, usually black, to serve his time for him.
    3. The state rented cells to the convicts whom then had to pay rent based on pittance wages paid in prison industry.
    4. Private interests paid the state for the right to use groups of prisoners to work on railroad construction and other projects.
  1. "Jim Crow" is a nickname for:
    1. White Southerners who used violence or intimidation to restrict black activities.
    2. Black people who carried favor with whites by acting excessively polite and deferential.
    3. The whole system of laws and customs that kept the races separate in schools, public buildings, housing, jobs. Theaters, and the like.
    4. Black people who pretended to be friendly toward whites but who secretly undermined white interests.
    5. The African-American culture of dance, music, food, and religion that grew up after slavery.

 

  1. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the U.S. Supreme Court established the general principle that :
    1. States could not prevent blacks from voting just because their grandparents had been slaves.
    2. State could require separate accommodations on trains, in schools, and the like, for blacks and whites as long as the accommodations were equal.
    3. Congress could take away a state’s seats in the U.S. House of Representatives if the state refused to allow blacks to vote in Congressional elections.
    4. Local governments could use zoning and building codes to enforce racial segregation by neighborhood.
  1. Around the turn of the century, which of the following was most likely to attract Northern white support?
    1. Increased enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendments.
    2. Statutes allowing whites and blacks to marry each other if they wished.
    3. A federal anti-lynching law.
    4. Congressional intervention to promote racial integration in Southern public schools.

True /False

Chapter 13

  1. The "penny press" was important because it exposed a significant proportion of the population to the rhetoric of nationalistic politicians.
  2. Texas was not able to get any European nation to recognize it as an independent nation.
  3. Missionary efforts in Oregon converted large numbers of Indians to
    Christianity.
  4. Most travelers on the Oregon Trail went as individuals, even if they joined a wagon train.
  5. Though a "dark horse" candidate, James K. Polk was not an obscure politician.
  6. The Oregon question was finally settled by Britain surrendering claims below the 54th parallel.
  7. Californians like John Sutter and Tomas Larkin wanted the United States to take over because they had not prospered under Mexican rule.
  8. The United States did not take all of Mexico because its invasion of that country was not successful.
  9. The Wilmot Proviso prohibited slavery in the territory taken from Mexico.
  10. The Free – Soil Party had the abolition of slavery as part of its platform.
  11. The South supported Taylor because he was a southerner and a slaveholder.
  12. The Compromise of 1850 passed, despite the opposition of Webster and Calhoun.
  13. After 1850 the Whig Party emerged as the one party without sectional divisions.
  14. The Kansas – Nebraska Act repealed the antislavery provision of the Missouri Compromise.
  15. Northerners saw Preston Brook’s attack on Charles Sumner as an example of the barbarism of the South, while southerners believed Sumner had insulted Brook’s uncle and got what he deserved.
  16. Northerners saw the "gag rule" as evidence of the "slave power conspiracy" against their liberties.
  17. President Buchanan proved a firm and decisive president at the very time the nation needed one.
  18. The Republican Party became the party of the "free-soil-free-labor" ideology.
  19. The South thought the Dred Scott decision would hurt efforts to expand slavery.
  20. With Lincoln’s election, the Republicans controlled both the legislative and the executive branches of the government.

     

    Chapter 14
  21. The Crittenden Compromise failed because Republicans refused to give in on the question of the expansion of slavery.
  22. Many Southerners believed that the dependence of English and French textile industries on American cotton would force those countries to intervene on the side of the Confederacy.
  23. The Republican Party did little to promote economic development during the war.
  24. The Union’s largest source of financing for the war was taxes and tariffs.
  25. In both the North and South, the draft was accepted with little protest.
  26. In the North, there was little opposition to the war.
  27. Had the Union not taken Atlanta in September of 1864, Lincoln might have lost the presidency to McCellan.
  28. The Civil War transformed the North from an agrarian to an industrial society.
  29. The Confederate government was composed of the most radical Southern secessionists.
  30. Despite many shortages, the South was at least able to grow enough food to meet its needs.
  31. Lincoln’s handling of the war effort faced constant scrutiny from the congressional Committee on the Conduct of the war, which seriously interfered with his work.
  32. Despite the need for cotton, England’s foreign policy was decidedly pro-Union.
  33. No European nation offered diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.
  34. Though outmanned on the land, the Confederacy held the advantage at sea.
  35. After General McCellan allowed Lee to retreat into Virginia following Antietam Creek, Lincoln removed him from command.
  36. After the battle of Chattanooga, the Confederacy’s only hope was to hold on and exhaust the Northern will to fight.
  37. By sticking to the principles of states’ Rights, the South was able to better defend its territory.
  38. Because of the way they had been treated by the United States, no Indian tribes supported the Union in the war.
  39. Robert E. Lee was the last Confederate commander in the East to surrender.
  40. Jefferson Davis was captured with Lee at Appomattox.

     

    Chapter 15
  41. As bad as he economic and physical situation was for Southern blacks in the aftermath of the Civil War, conditions were even worse for the region’s white population.
  42. The Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery throughout the South in 1863.
  43. Republicans were afraid that the quick return of the Southern states to Congress would lead to more Democratic votes, thereby increasing the likelihood that Congress would establish protective tariffs and subsidize railroads.
  44. President Lincoln believed that a lenient Reconstruction policy would encourage Southern Unionists and other Southern Whigs to become Republicans and build a stronger party in the South.
  45. John Wilkes Booth acted completely on his own in plotting to murder President Lincoln.
  46. Characteristics of Andrew Johnson’s personality that hampered him as president were that he was too polite and deferential to assume any leadership initiative.
  47. The Tenure of Office Act and Command of the Army Act were passed by Congress to prevent Southern states form sending former Confederates to Congress or from having them control the state militia companies.
  48. Even though the House’s impeachment charges were nominally based on specific " high crimes and misdemeanors," Andrew Johnson was actually convicted by the senate and removed from the presidency for petty political reasons.
  49. Despite the end of slavery, most black agricultural labor in the South in the late nineteenth century continued to emulate the gang-labor system in which slaves lived in concentrated quarters and worked in groups under the constant supervision of a white field boss suggestive of the prewar overseer.
  50. During the period from just before the Civil War to just after Reconstruction, per capita income for African Americas rose significantly while per capita income for whites dropped.
  51. In the 1870’s, the expanded printing of greenback paper currency was advocated by those, especially debtors, who believed that inflation would help the economy.
  52. In the context of Reconstruction, " redeemed" was used to refer to freedmen who had returned to their or their original slave plantations as workers after running away during or immediately following the war.
  53. The Credit Mobilier was a railroad construction company involved in scandal during the Grant’s administration.
  54. Hamilton Fish was Grant’s secretary of state whose action worsened relations between the United States and Great Britain.
  55. Alaska was called "Seward’s Folly" or "icebox" because of Seward’s abortive attempt to sell the territory to the Russian czar as a method of financing the cost of maintaining troops in the South during Reconstruction.
  56. In the period from the end of Reconstruction into the twentieth century, the Democratic Party was the political party of the cast majority of Southern whites.
  57. In general, the "Redeemer" –"Bourbon" political regimes were inclined to raise taxes to expand service, especially public education.
  58. By 1900 the portion of the nation’s manufacturing output produced in the South was about three times what it had been on the eve of the Civil War.
  59. The portion of Southern farmers who were tenants, cash or sharecrop, increased markedly form Reconstruction to 1900.
  60. In the period from Reconstruction 1900, the crop-lien system helped many Southern backcountry farmers into a ruggedly independent sort of subsistence farming.
  61. By the late 1890’s a significantly smaller portion of Southern blacks were allowed to vote than in the late 1860’s.