Unit 11


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Unit 11 Test

Chapters 28, 29, 30

 

Chapter 28

 

  1. During the first few months following American entry into World War II:
    1. national opinion was sharply divided about the war.
    2. national opinion was remarkably unified even though the war was going badly.
    3. national opinion was initially divided but soon unified by a string of impressive victories.
    4. national opinion was ambivalent and fairly uninvolved due to the so-called phony war.
  1. The Battles of the Coral Sea and of Midway were significant in:
    1. saving the Philippines from being invaded.
    2. thwarting the Japanese army’s drive through Burma.
    3. stemming the tide of Japanese advances in the Pacific.
    4. driving the last vestiges of American sea power from the Pacific.
  1. The first area to be liberated from Axis occupation by the Allies was:
    1. France.
    2. Sicily.
    3. the Balkans.
    4. North Africa.
  1. The Soviet Union’s position regarding the American and British campaigns in North Africa and Italy was to:
    1. favor both because they tied down Axis forces.
    2. oppose both because they delayed the cross-channel invasion of France.
    3. oppose North Africa but favor Italy since it was to Germany.
    4. favor North Africa but oppose Italy because it was after the Stalingrad victory.
  1. With reference to World War II, the term "Holocaust" refers to:
    1. Hitler’s "blitzkrieg" against Poland.
    2. Hitler’s campaign to exterminate the Jews.
    3. The American nuclear destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
    4. The American effort to prevent Hitler’s extermination of the Jews.
  1. Which region of the United States benefited most from wartime spending?
    1. Northeast.
    2. Midwest.
    3. Plains.
    4. West.
  1. Three of the following are statements accurately describe conditions of organized labor of World War II. Which is the exception?
    1. Union membership increased.
    2. There were no strikes, thanks to the "no strike" pledge.
    3. Congress gave the president power to seize a struck war plant.
    4. The Little Steel formula set a 15 percent limit on wage increases.
  1. Government efforts to raise revenue and control inflation during World War II included three of the following. Which is the exception?
    1. Selling war bonds.
    2. Imposing direct price controls.
    3. Balancing the federal budget.
    4. Levying higher taxes on personal incomes.
  1. Three of the following statements accurately describe or characterize black experiences during World War II. Which is the exception?
    1. Racial segregation was abolished in the military.
    2. The black migration from the rural South to industrial cities increased.
    3. Black organizations displayed greater militancy in putting forth their demands.
    4. Blacks had some success in influencing the federal government to reduce racial inequalities.
  1. Which does not describe the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?
    1. The Supreme Court upheld their evacuations from the West Coast.
    2. Reparations were finally paid to evacuees about forty years after the war.
    3. Many of the evacuees were United States citizens.
    4. Outside California, there was strong public opposition to the internment policy.
  1. The objective of the Manhattan Project was to develop:
    1. the atomic bomb.
    2. synthetic rubber.
    3. a system of coastal defenses.
    4. a system for dispersion of civilian urban populations.
  1. Harry S. Truman came to national prominence and the vice presidency through:
    1. chairing an investigative committee which exposed waste and corruption in wartime production.
    2. leading the southern conservative wing in Congress.
    3. managing Roosevelt’s renomination campaign at the Democratic convention.
    4. coordinating the planning of the D-Day invasion.
  1. In the final months of World War II in Europe, American and British forces:
    1. pushed into the heart of Germany while Soviet troops bogged down in Poland.
    2. entered Germany from the west and Soviet troops entered Germany from
    3. rushed toward Berlin to gain "knock-out punch" on Hitler before the Soviet troops could arrive in the capital cities.
  1. Chinese-American relations were seriously strained during World War II because Chiang Kai-shek:
    1. ordered General Joseph Stilwell to leave the country.
    2. would not commit his strength against the Japanese.
    3. would not allow United States bombers to operate from Chinese soil.
    4. had too-close ties with the Chinese communist forces under Mao Zedong.
  1. During World War II, the Japanese word "kamikaze" referred to:
    1. atomic fallout.
    2. ritual disembowelment.
    3. The lightning speed with which the Japanese armies swept through Southeast Asia.
    4. A suicide mission in which a Japanese pilot purposely crashed his plane in to an enemy ship.
  1. The Battle of Layte Gulf:
    1. demonstrated the Japanese fleet was still strong enough to slow the potential American invasion force.
    2. brought the Soviet Union into the Pacific War.
    3. all but destroyed Japan’s ability to continue serious warfare.
    4. stopped Japanese advance in the central Pacific near Guam and Midway.
  1. In the weeks before the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan, Japanese political and military leaders:
    1. were united in their determination to continue the war.
    2. were united in their decision to seek peace.
    3. were split with some wishing to seek peace and others wishing to continue the fight.
    4. Offered to surrender if they could keep control of Okinawa and Korea.
  1. The key facilities for development and production of the American atomic bomb were located in:
    1. New York and Chicago.
    2. Tennessee and New Mexico.
    3. Wyoming and Pennsylvania.
    4. California and Oklahoma.
  1. The two cities on whish the United States dropped atomic bombs were (mark two letters):
    1. Hiroshima.
    2. Yokohama.
    3. Tokyo.
    4. Nagasaki.
  1. When did the Soviet Union enter the Pacific was against Japan?
    1. In June 1941, right after Hitler attacked the Soviet Union.
    2. In December 1941, right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
    3. In February 1945, eight after the Yalta Conference.
    4. In August 1945, about a week before the Japanese surrendered.

 

Chapter 29
  1. Which was not a source of Soviet bitterness toward the United States in the period before the outbreak of World War II? The United States:
    1. opposed the Bolshevik revolution that created the Soviet Union.
    2. refused to have any economic contact with the Soviet Union in the 1930s.
    3. refused to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union government until 1933.
    4. sent troops into the Soviet Union toward the end of World War II.
  1. Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied conduct of World War II?
    1. the slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front.
    2. The fact that Russia was not invited to the Casablanca Conference.
    3. The refusal of the United States to include Russia in the lead-lease program.
    4. The refusal of the United States to have any official dealing with a communist government.
  1. An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to:
    1. hasten the end of the war.
    2. destroy the morale of the Axis powers.
    3. encourage the Italians to split with Germany.
    4. reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight alone.
  1. At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to:
    1. join the United Nations.
    2. enter the war against Japan.
    3. give up reparations from Germany.
    4. give up claims to Polish territory.
  1. With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conferences provided for:
    1. permanent Soviet occupation.
    2. A system of United Nations mandates.
    3. Interim governments and subsequent free elections.
    4. The withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government.
  1. When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong’s communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a pro-Western force in Asia?
    1. India.
    2. Indonesia.
    3. Japan.
    4. The Philippines.
  1. The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with:
    1. Douglas MacArthur.
    2. George F. Kennan.
    3. George C. Marshall.
    4. Henry A. Wallace.
  1. The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in:
    1. Egypt.
    2. Latin America.
    3. Western Europe.
    4. Greece and Turkey.
  1. The results of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that:
    1. the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery.
    2. communist influence actually increased in the countries receiving the aid.
    3. The United States economy was nearly bankrupt by the giveaway program.
    4. The recipient nations engaged in bitter competition with one another to gain the largest share of the aid.
  1. Three of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which was the exception?
    1. It established the CIA.
    2. It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
    3. It created the National Security Council.
    4. It combined the functions of secretary of war and secretary of navy under one secretary of defense.
  1. Truman’s response to the Berlin blockade was to:
    1. abandon the Western-occupied portions of Berlin.
    2. Airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year.
    3. Give up plans for uniting the three Western zones of Germany.
    4. Use the military force to break the blockage o land routes into Berlin.
  1. The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must:
    1. considered an attack on one as an attack on all.
    2. refer all cases of armed aggression tot he United Nations.
    3. confer with one another in case of an attack on any member.
    4. do none of the above.
  1. Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers:
    1. Were executed.
    2. Were imprisoned.
    3. Fled to Thailand (Burma).
    4. Fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
  1. Which of the following is not an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946-1947 following the end of World War II?
    1. A multi-billion dollar tax cut.
    2. The release of pent-up civilization consumer demand.
    3. Significant government spending for veterans’ benefits.
    4. Military spending remained almost at wartime levels due tot he Cold War.
  1. Truman’s domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the:
    1. Fair Deal.
    2. square deal.
    3. New Frontier.
    4. New Deal Revised.
  1. The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that:
    1. Truman’s domestic policy won a vote of confidence.
    2. The voter public demanded more racial governmental reforms.
    3. The Republicans won control of both House and the Senate.
    4. In political upset, the Democrats regained control of both the House and the Senate.
  1. Truman’s position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to:
    1. farming.
    2. Big business.
    3. Organizes labor.
    4. Southern conservatives.
  1. In 1948, the Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman’s policy on _____________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressive opposed Truman’s ______________ policy.

 

    1. civil rights, confrontational Cold War
    2. the Cold War, aggressive civil rights
    3. economic reconversion, the Social Security system
    4. the Social Security system, economic reconversion

 

  1. After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting three of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did the Congress not approve?

 

    1. Increase of the minimum wage.
    2. The expansion construction of the low-income housing.
    3. Federal construction of low-income housing.
    4. The creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.

 

  1. When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was:

 

    1. occupied entirely by the United States forces.
    2. occupied by the same four powers as in Germany.
    3. united under the nationalist government of Syngman Rhee.
    4. divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation.

 

Chapter 30

 

  1. America’s economic prosperity in the 1950s was fueled by:

 

    1. increased public funding of schools, housing, veterans’ benefits, welfare, and interstate highways.
    2. massive cold-war-inspired military funding.
    3. the "baby-boom" and rapid expansion of the suburbs.
    4. all of the above.
    5. none of the above.

 

 

 

  1. Which portion of the nation grew most rapidly during the late 1940s and 1950s?

 

    1. Northeast.
    2. Southeast.
    3. Midwest/ Great Plains.
    4. West.

 

  1. According to the principles of Keynesian economics, which of the following tactics should government employ to combat recession?

 

    1. Reduce interest rates.
    2. Cut the federal budget.
    3. Raise taxes.
    4. All of the above.

 

  1. Keynesian economics seemed to offer government the proper theories to eliminate forever the problems of

 

    1. maldistributed wealth.
    2. trade deficits.
    3. financial injustice.
    4. economic instability.

 

  1. The prosperity of the 1950s was accompanied by:

 

    1. a decreased in government spending.
    2. corporate mergers and the formation of conglomerates.
    3. equitable distribution of corporate profits.
    4. the survival and renewal of the family farm.

 

  1. All of the following trends marked the American labor movement of the 1950s except:

 

    1. merger of the AFL and CIO to create the giant federation, the AFL-CIO.
    2. stable membership numbers.
    3. greater success in organizing new workers than in winning benefits for workers already organized in strong unions.
    4. signs of corruption and indifference among some labor leaders as the unions themselves became wealthy, powerful bureaucracies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The "consensus" thesis promulgated by leading historians and other intellectuals of the 1950s argued that American history had been characterizes by a:

 

    1. fundamental and basic conflict between the haves and have-nots.
    2. Broad general agreement about the value of market capitalism.
    3. An understanding that a middle ground emerged form the sharp clash of competing fringe ideologies.

 

  1. According to many social observers, American culture in the 1950s seemed dominated by a(n):

 

    1. Restless search by individuals for identity and purpose.
    2. Quest for economic and political justice within the United States.
    3. Absorption with consumer goods by a growing middle class.
    4. Isolationist desire to avoid international affairs or commitments.

 

  1. In contrast to that of the central cities, life in suburban became attractive to many American families in the 1950s because the suburbs seemed to provide:

 

    1. Variety and excitement in lifestyles and entertainment.
    2. Racial integration in neighborhoods and schools.
    3. Greater opportunities for cultural and educational advancement.
    4. Larger, safer, and more private homes.

 

  1. According to the widely respected child-care expert of the later 1940s and 1950s, Dr. Benjamin Spock, mothers should:

 

    1. Fulfill their career and professional goals.
    2. Subordinate their activities and interest to the needs of their children.
    3. Share the role of parenting equally with the fathers.
    4. Work to supplement the family income.

 

  1. According to the text, during the 1950s, television:

 

    1. Affected only a small percentage of the total population.
    2. Encouraged independent value formation among members of the white middle class.
    3. Heightened the sense of alienation and powerlessness among minority groups.
    4. Failed to attract significant inters from commercial advertisers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. According to the text, the most widely revered heroes of the United States during the early 1960s were the nation’s:

 

    1. Medical researchers.
    2. Professional athletes.
    3. Astronauts.
    4. Industrial tycoons.

 

  1. The United States accomplished which of the following feats before the Soviet Union did?

 

    1. Launching of a satellite into outer space.
    2. Sending a manned flight into outer space.
    3. Landing a man on the surface of the moon.
    4. None of the above
    5. All of the above.

 

  1. Three of the following statements accurately describe the American economic and demographic conditions in the 1950s. Which is the exception?

 

    1. The rate of population growth declined
    2. There was a continual annual growth in GNP.
    3. Unemployment was a tolerable 5 percent or less.
    4. Inflation was in the range of a modest 3 percent per year.

 

  1. When the governor of Arkansas and, later, an angry mob of citizens attempted to prevent the court-ordered racial integration of a high school in Little rock, President Eisenhower responded by:

 

    1. Ordering the governor to be arrested.
    2. Negotiating a settlement that delayed local integration for a three-year "cooling-off" period.
    3. Sending federal troops to uphold the court order.
    4. Refusing to involve the federal government in what he considered to be strictly a state matter.

 

  1. The Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott was significant in establishing a new form of racial protest and in elevating which black leader to prominence as a new leader in the civil rights movement?

 

    1. Malcolm X.
    2. H. Rap Brown.
    3. Stokely Carmichael
    4. Martin Luther King, Jr.

 

 

  1. The black who broke the race barrier in major league baseball was:

 

    1. Henry Aaron.
    2. Roy Campanella.
    3. Willie Mays
    4. Jackie Robinson

 

  1. Joseph McCarthy’s influence in the nation waned quickly as a consequence of:

 

    1. The Oppenheimer case.
    2. His expulsion from the Senate.
    3. The reports that he was an alcoholic.
    4. His behavior in the Army-McCarthy hearings.

 

  1. The expression "more bang for a buck" was related to Secretary of State Hon Foster Dulles’s announced policy of:

 

    1. Liberation.
    2. Containment.
    3. Mutual security.
    4. Massive retaliation.

 

 

  1. In his farewell address in January 1961, Eisenhower warned the American people against:

 

    1. The rise of military pacifism.
    2. The tendency to hysterical anti-communism.
    3. The risk of creeping socialism.
    4. The influence of the military-industrial complex.