Unit 10


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Unit 10 Test

Chapters 25, 26, 27

 

Chapter 25 The Great Depression

 

  1. Three of the following statements correctly describe conditions in the stock market during the year and a half preceding the Great Crash of 1929. Which is the exception?

 

        1. There was a wide spread speculative fever.
        2. The average price of most stock traded increased dramatically.
        3. The daily volume of the stock traded increased dramatically.
        4. Most brokers required cash payment in full for stock purchases.

 

  1. In the several months preceding the Great Crash of 1929, three of the following economic indicators decreased dramatically. Which one increased?

 

        1. Automobile sales.
        2. Wholesale prices.
        3. Freight-car loadings.
        4. Business inventories.

 

  1. One of the most important causes of the great Depression was the fact that during the 1920s:

 

        1. government regulation and trust busting had stifled free enterprise.
        2. there was a fundamental maldistribution of purchasing power.
        3. not enough profits were plowed back into business as new capital investment.
        4. Low tariff policies had benefited foreign competitors and seriously damaged domestic inventory.

 

  1. In much of the 1920s, European nations were able to make their war-debt payments to the United States, and in Germany and Austria were able to continue reparation payments by:

 

        1. inflating their currencies.
        2. Draining their gold reserves.
        3. Expanding exports to the United States.
        4. Getting new loans form the United States.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. At the depth of Depression in 1932, the unemployment rate in the United States was estimated to have been:

 

        1. 50 percent.
        2. 75 percent.
        3. 25 percent.
        4. 10 percent.

 

  1. In the early 1930s, the term "Okies" referred to:

 

        1. moonshiners.
        2. Oil speculation in Oklahoma.
        3. Swamp dweller in Okefenokee.
        4. Dispossessed farmers fleeing the Dust Bowl.

 

  1. Three of the following statements accurately described the conditions of blacks during the Great Depression. Which is the exception?

 

        1. the migration of blacks in to the North ended abruptly.
        2. Blacks suffered a higher unemployment rate than whites.
        3. Discrimination against blacks increased, particularly in competition for jobs.
        4. Local government and private relief benefits for blacks were smaller than for whites.

 

  1. In the 1920s, the great majority of Hispanics in California and the American Southwest originally migrated from:

 

        1. Cuba.
        2. Mexico.
        3. Puerto Rico.
        4. None of these, for Hispanics were specifically excluded by the immigration laws of the early 1920s.

 

  1. One effect of the Great Depression on women was to:

 

        1. open up new opportunities for women in the professions.
        2. Strengthen the belief that a woman’s place was in the home.
        3. Drive most women out of the labor force by the time the economic crisis was over.
        4. Gain increased public support for such feminist organizations as the National Women’s Party.

 

 

 

 

  1. Three of the following were effects of the Great Depression on the American family. Which is the exception?

 

        1. The birth rate declined.
        2. The marriage rate declined.
        3. The divorce rate increased.
        4. Middle-class families as well as working-class families suffered great traumatic impact.

 

  1. Popular culture during the Depression era, as manifested by radios, movies, and popular literature, was characterized by:

 

        1. escapism.
        2. Appeals to pruritent interests.
        3. A return to traditional religious values.
        4. A deep social concern to portray the human consequences of the national economic disaster.

 

  1. Three of the following novels manifest an implicit protest against social injustices in then-contemporary American society. Which is the exception?

 

        1. Erskine Caldwell’s Tobacco Road (1932).
        2. Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind (1936).
        3. John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath (1939).
        4. Richard Wright’s Native Son (1920).

 

  1. The Abraham Lincoln brigade was most closely associated with:

 

        1. Coxey’s army.
        2. The Bonus Army.
        3. The Spanish Civil War.
        4. Veterans of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.

 

  1. The Popular Front tactics pursued by the American Communist Party between 1935 and 1939 were aimed at developing a broad alliance against:

 

        1. fascism.
        2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
        3. Racial injustice.
        4. Nonpolitical unionism.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. For the eight years immediately before becoming President, Herbet Hoover had been the:

 

        1. Vice President.
        2. Secretary of State.
        3. Secretary of Commerce.
        4. Speaker of the House of Representatives.

 

  1. The purpose of the Agricultural Marketing Act, proposed by Hoover even before the Great Crash of 1929, was to:

 

        1. keep farm prices up.
        2. Impose government regulation on the commodities exchange market.
        3. Establish quotas for the importation of foreign agricultural products.
        4. Promote reciprocal trade agreements with foreign countries for agricultural products.

 

  1. After the effects of the Depression spread to Europe, in an attempt to restore international economic stability, Hoover proposed:

 

        1. a cancellation of war debts owed to the United States.
        2. A moratorium on war debts, reparations, and private international debts.
        3. That the United States follow Europe’s lead in going off the gold standard.
        4. That the United States, by mean of massive loans, help the European countries to maintain the gold standard.

 

  1. Hoover’s measures to deal with the Depression included support for three of the following. Which is an exception?

 

        1. A large-scale federal program to direct relief to the unemployed.
        2. A system of government home-loan banks to assist mortgage holders.
        3. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to businesses.
        4. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff protected agriculture from foreign competition.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was largely ineffective in promoting recovery from the Depression because:

 

        1. the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.
        2. Its activities did not gain the support of President Hoover.
        3. Its program benefited primarily the small banks and family corporations.
        4. It was underfunded and overcautious in the use of the funds it did have.

 

  1. When it was first organized, how did the farmer’s Holiday Association seek to gain higher prices for farm products?

 

        1. By lobbying Washington.
        2. By withholding crops from the market.
        3. By running it’s own candidates for state legislature.
        4. By establishing its own cooperative marketing facilities.

 

Chapter 26 The New Deal

 

  1. Much of Roosevelt’s success in restoring public confidence in government might be attributed to this:

 

        1. consistent application of clear-cut philosophies to social and economic problems.
        2. Optimistic and ebullient personality.
        3. Refusal to engage in tedious and politically charged press conference.
        4. Public demonstration of how a man could overcome physical paralysis.

 

  1. Roosevelt’s first concern as president was:

 

        1. public panic caused by the bank failures.
        2. Collapse of agriculture.
        3. Problem of widespread unemployment.
        4. Deflationary spiral which had crippled business.

 

  1. The Twenty-first Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the:

 

        1. progressive income tax.
        2. Poll tax, literary test, and other discriminatory voting restrictions.
        3. Prohibition on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
        4. "Quota system" of immigration limitations.

 

  1. Initial Implementation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act in 1933 was controversial because it:

 

        1. involved large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock to reduce surpluses.
        2. Required farmers to boost agricultural production.
        3. Outlawed the practices of farmer tenancy and sharecropping.
        4. Favored the interests of small farmers over those large farmers.

 

  1. Of the greatest impact on large numbers of poor farmers was a New Deal program to:

 

        1. provide payments for reduction production in the interest of soil conversation.
        2. Help irrigate and reclaim marginal lands for cultivation.
        3. Provide loans for resettlement.
        4. Make electrical power available through utility cooperatives.

 

  1. Which of the following provisions was not included in the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933?

 

        1. Trade association agreements on pricing and production.
        2. Loans by the national government to railroad, banks, and insurance companies.
        3. Legal protection to the right of the workers to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.
        4. A major program of public works designed to pump needed funds into the economy.

 

  1. The Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional because it:

 

        1. used an overboard definition of interstate commerce.
        2. Waived antitrust laws for cooperating businesses.
        3. Granted public money to private corporations.
        4. Applied only to corporation not partnerships and sole proprietors.

 

  1. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):

 

        1. received strong support from the nation’s utility companies.
        2. Suffered as a result of the collapse of the electrical utility empire of Samuel Insull.
        3. Was intended to serve as an agent for comprehensive redevelopment of the entire region.
        4. Converted the Tennessee Valley into one of the most prosperous regions of the country.
  1. The Roosevelt administration instituted all of the following financial reforms except to:

 

        1. take the country off the gold standard.
        2. Establish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
        3. Transfer control over interest rates from the Federal Reserve Board to Congress.
        4. Establish the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to police the stock market.

 

  1. To provide assistance to those in need, Roosevelt and his adviser Harry Hopkins reguarded which of the following as best?

 

        1. Cash grants to states.
        2. Work relief.
        3. A government dole for individuals.
        4. Private charity.

 

  1. The relief efforts of the early New Deal were intended to:

 

        1. stimulate a broad recovery of the economy.
        2. Be limited in scope and temporary duration.
        3. Create a permanent welfare system.
        4. Apply the principles of Keynesian economics.

 

  1. Franklin Roosevelt’s political philosophy could most accurately be described or characterized as:

 

        1. pragmatic.
        2. Laissez-faire.
        3. Doctrinaire liberal.
        4. Democratic socialist.

 

  1. During the first few days in office, Roosevelt achieved three of the following, either by proclamation or by congressional enactment. Which is the exception?

 

        1. All banks were closed temporarily.
        2. The manufacture and sale of 3.2 percent beer was legalized.
        3. The nation’s commitment to the gold standard was explicitly reaffirmed.
        4. Government salaries and veteran’s pensions were reduced in attempt to balance the budget.

 

 

 

 

  1. Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act represented a significant gain for:

 

        1. organized labor.
        2. Ethnic minorities.
        3. Trade association.
        4. The great mass of consumers.

 

  1. Three of the following were purposed behind the established of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Which is the exception?

 

        1. Flood control.
        2. Experimentation with regional planning and rehabilitation.
        3. The establishment of a standard of comparison for measuring private power rates.
        4. The establishment of a precedent for full government ownership and operation of utilities.

 

  1. In addition to putting young men to work, a principal purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to:

 

        1. limit population growth.
        2. Promote reforestation and land conservation.
        3. Help young married couples buy homes on easy going mortgage terms.
        4. Provide an interracial living experience to promote harmony.

 

  1. The American Liberty League was dedicated to:

 

        1. strong conservative opposition to the New Deal.
        2. Promoting civil rights for blacks and other minorities.
        3. Promoting popular support for the spirit of the New Deal.
        4. A desire among intellectuals to adopt more radical solutions to the nation’s economic ills.

 

  1. The significance of the Wagner Act to organized labor was that it:

 

        1. abolished the National Labor Relations Board.
        2. Provided unemployment benefits for workers on strike.
        3. Provide strong government protection for the unions.
        4. Explicitly repudiated the right of collective bargaining.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was organized on the principle that all workers in a particular industry should be included in one union.

 

        1. Union shop.
        2. Closed shop.
        3. Craft Unionism.
        4. Industrial Unionism.

 

  1. The 1935 Social Security Act provided for three of the following. Which is the exception?

 

        1. Retirement benefits.
        2. Unemployment benefits.
        3. Health insurance benefits.
        4. Benefits to dependent children of impoverished parents.

 

Chapter 27 The Global Crisis

 

  1. The series of the treaties signed at the Washington Conference of 1921 to 1922 dealt with three of the following. Which is the exception?

 

        1. The limitation of land forces.
        2. The limitation of naval armaments.
        3. The reaffirmation of the Open Door in China.
        4. Mutual respect between the four major powers for territorial possession in the Pacific.

 

  1. The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 pledged the signatory nations to:

 

        1. join the league of nations.
        2. Respect the Open Door policy in China.
        3. Renounce war as an instrument of national policy.
        4. A binding regional-security military alliance with one another.

 

  1. How did the Hoover administration respond to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria?

 

        1. It supported the Japanese action.
        2. It imposed economic sanctions on the Japanese.
        3. It refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the new Japanese territories.
        4. It ordered the Pacific fleet to stand by off the China coast.

 

 

 

 

  1. In 1933, the United States finally recognized the government of communist Russia, in part because:

 

        1. United States hoped for substantial trade with Russia.
        2. United States felt it needed a new ally against Hitler.
        3. Soviet Union completed abandoned support of the Comintern.
        4. Communists had established their legitimacy through free elections.

 

  1. Official recognition of the Soviet regime in Russia by the American government in 1933 resulted in:

 

        1. increased understanding and appreciation of the theories of communism by most Americans.
        2. Plans by which the Soviet Union and the United States intended to contain expansion by fascist governments.
        3. Significantly increased sales of American manufactured good inside the Soviet Union.
        4. Relatively little change in the mutual mistrust which had characterized Soviet-American relations in the past.

 

  1. According to the Dawes Plan of 1924, the United States would:

 

        1. provide economics assistance to rebuild the economics of Poland and Russia.
        2. Provide loans to Germany, enabling it to pay reparations to Britain and France.
        3. Reduce tariff rates, allowing trading partners to increase exports and thus earn needed funds to repay debts.
        4. Double its investments in Latin America, providing modern facilities to weaken the appeal of revolutionary group in the region.

 

  1. With regard to Latin America, Herbert Hoover:

 

        1. relied on "dollar diplomacy" as William H. Taft had.
        2. Returned to military intervention as Woodrow Wilson had.
        3. Renounced the Monroe Doctrine and encourage western European intervention.
        4. Repudiated the Roosevelt corollary and refused to send in U.S. troops when Caribbean nations got into debt problem and political instability.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The Good Neighbor policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt applied specifically to:

 

        1. Canada.
        2. Great Britain.
        3. Latin America.
        4. The Philippines.

 

  1. The Nye committee reached the conclusion that an important factor leading the United States into war in 1917 was the:

 

        1. threat to the balance of power in Europe.
        2. Power vacuum created by the decline of Turkey.
        3. Need to protect American bank loans of the Allies.
        4. Need to portect American overseas colonial possessions.

 

  1. The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were based in the assumption that the Untied States could stay out of war by:

 

        1. ending the Depression.
        2. Freeing all the American colonies.
        3. Staying out of the League of Nations.
        4. Banning arms sales to countries at war.

 

  1. Which of the following place names most steadily brings to mind appeasement of the Nazis?

 

        1. Dunkirk.
        2. Munich.
        3. Stockholm.
        4. Warsaw.

 

  1. World War II in Europe began when Hitler:

 

        1. invaded Poland.
        2. Annexed Austria.
        3. Occupied Czechoslovakia.
        4. Signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin.

 

  1. The lend-leased bill, the 1941, empowered the president to:

 

        1. grant government loans to the Allies.
        2. Lend physical goods rather than money to the Allies.
        3. Authorized private American loans to the Allies.
        4. Abrogate the Neutrality Act of 1939 by executive order.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Although not yet officially involved in World War II, by the autumn of 1941, the United States was:

 

        1. supplying was material to Great Britain.
        2. Supplying war material to the Soviet Union.
        3. Escorting convoys of merchant ships in the Atlantic.
        4. Doing all of the above.

 

  1. Which of the following most seriously threatened the Japanese war effort and forced Japan to choose between conciliated the United States and enlarging the scope of the war?

 

        1. The Stimson Doctrine.
        2. The League of Nations.
        3. World reaction to the Panay incident.
        4. The freezing of Japanese assets in the United States.

 

  1. The quiet lull in World War II in Europe in the winter and early spring of 1940 gave rise to the term:

 

        1. "phony war."
        2. "phantom enemy."
        3. "peace at any cost."
        4. "missing military."

 

  1. The American First Committee advocated:

 

        1. immediate U.S. entry into the war, to defend France.
        2. Concentrated U.S. power in the Pacific.
        3. Keeping the United States out of the war.
        4. Significantly increased America assistance to the Allies short of the actual entry into the war.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. In August 1941 Atlantic Charter, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill:

 

        1. decided that as soon as Nazi submarines were controlled in the Atlantic, military forces should make the defeat of Japan in the Pacific the "highest priority."
        2. Announced a set of de facto war aims with "common principles" that called for the "final destruction of the Nazi tyranny.
        3. Resolved defeat Germany as quickly as possible because they both regarded the Soviet Union as "a greater threat to world self determination."
        4. Agreed that the Britain would have principal responsibility for "command and control" in the Europe theater and that the Untied States would have in Asia.

 

      59. The militant Japanese Prime Minister and leader of the so-called war party was General:

       

        1. Hirohito.
        2. Yamamoto.
        3. Kamikaze.
        4. Tojo.

 

  1. Militarily, the most significant U.S. loss in the attack on Pearl Harbor was the:

 

        1. sinking of eight battleships,
        2. sinking or disabling of four aircraft carriers.
        3. Delay on obtaining a congressional declaration of war because of the demoralizing of the American public.
        4. Delay in declaring war on Germany because of all the immediate anger focusing Japan.