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Unit 10 Test
Chapters 25, 26, 27
Chapter 25 The Great Depression
- Three of the following statements correctly describe conditions in the
stock market during the year and a half preceding the Great Crash of 1929.
Which is the exception?
- There was a wide spread speculative fever.
- The average price of most stock traded increased dramatically.
- The daily volume of the stock traded increased dramatically.
- Most brokers required cash payment in full for stock purchases.
- In the several months preceding the Great Crash of 1929, three of the
following economic indicators decreased dramatically. Which one increased?
- Automobile sales.
- Wholesale prices.
- Freight-car loadings.
- Business inventories.
- One of the most important causes of the great Depression was the fact that
during the 1920s:
- government regulation and trust busting had stifled free enterprise.
- there was a fundamental maldistribution of purchasing power.
- not enough profits were plowed back into business as new capital
investment.
- Low tariff policies had benefited foreign competitors and seriously
damaged domestic inventory.
- In much of the 1920s, European nations were able to make their war-debt
payments to the United States, and in Germany and Austria were able to
continue reparation payments by:
- inflating their currencies.
- Draining their gold reserves.
- Expanding exports to the United States.
- Getting new loans form the United States.
- At the depth of Depression in 1932, the unemployment rate in the United
States was estimated to have been:
- 50 percent.
- 75 percent.
- 25 percent.
- 10 percent.
- In the early 1930s, the term "Okies" referred to:
- moonshiners.
- Oil speculation in Oklahoma.
- Swamp dweller in Okefenokee.
- Dispossessed farmers fleeing the Dust Bowl.
- Three of the following statements accurately described the conditions of
blacks during the Great Depression. Which is the exception?
- the migration of blacks in to the North ended abruptly.
- Blacks suffered a higher unemployment rate than whites.
- Discrimination against blacks increased, particularly in competition
for jobs.
- Local government and private relief benefits for blacks were smaller
than for whites.
- In the 1920s, the great majority of Hispanics in California and the
American Southwest originally migrated from:
- Cuba.
- Mexico.
- Puerto Rico.
- None of these, for Hispanics were specifically excluded by the
immigration laws of the early 1920s.
- One effect of the Great Depression on women was to:
- open up new opportunities for women in the professions.
- Strengthen the belief that a woman’s place was in the home.
- Drive most women out of the labor force by the time the economic
crisis was over.
- Gain increased public support for such feminist organizations as the
National Women’s Party.
- Three of the following were effects of the Great Depression on the
American family. Which is the exception?
- The birth rate declined.
- The marriage rate declined.
- The divorce rate increased.
- Middle-class families as well as working-class families suffered
great traumatic impact.
- Popular culture during the Depression era, as manifested by radios,
movies, and popular literature, was characterized by:
- escapism.
- Appeals to pruritent interests.
- A return to traditional religious values.
- A deep social concern to portray the human consequences of the
national economic disaster.
- Three of the following novels manifest an implicit protest against social
injustices in then-contemporary American society. Which is the exception?
- Erskine Caldwell’s Tobacco Road (1932).
- Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind (1936).
- John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath (1939).
- Richard Wright’s Native Son (1920).
- The Abraham Lincoln brigade was most closely associated with:
- Coxey’s army.
- The Bonus Army.
- The Spanish Civil War.
- Veterans of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.
- The Popular Front tactics pursued by the American Communist Party between
1935 and 1939 were aimed at developing a broad alliance against:
- fascism.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
- Racial injustice.
- Nonpolitical unionism.
- For the eight years immediately before becoming President, Herbet Hoover
had been the:
- Vice President.
- Secretary of State.
- Secretary of Commerce.
- Speaker of the House of Representatives.
- The purpose of the Agricultural Marketing Act, proposed by Hoover even
before the Great Crash of 1929, was to:
- keep farm prices up.
- Impose government regulation on the commodities exchange market.
- Establish quotas for the importation of foreign agricultural
products.
- Promote reciprocal trade agreements with foreign countries for
agricultural products.
- After the effects of the Depression spread to Europe, in an attempt to
restore international economic stability, Hoover proposed:
- a cancellation of war debts owed to the United States.
- A moratorium on war debts, reparations, and private international
debts.
- That the United States follow Europe’s lead in going off the gold
standard.
- That the United States, by mean of massive loans, help the European
countries to maintain the gold standard.
- Hoover’s measures to deal with the Depression included support for three
of the following. Which is an exception?
- A large-scale federal program to direct relief to the unemployed.
- A system of government home-loan banks to assist mortgage holders.
- The Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to businesses.
- The Hawley-Smoot Tariff protected agriculture from foreign
competition.
- The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was largely ineffective in
promoting recovery from the Depression because:
- the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.
- Its activities did not gain the support of President Hoover.
- Its program benefited primarily the small banks and family
corporations.
- It was underfunded and overcautious in the use of the funds it did
have.
- When it was first organized, how did the farmer’s Holiday Association
seek to gain higher prices for farm products?
- By lobbying Washington.
- By withholding crops from the market.
- By running it’s own candidates for state legislature.
- By establishing its own cooperative marketing facilities.
Chapter 26 The New Deal
- Much of Roosevelt’s success in restoring public confidence in government
might be attributed to this:
- consistent application of clear-cut philosophies to social and
economic problems.
- Optimistic and ebullient personality.
- Refusal to engage in tedious and politically charged press
conference.
- Public demonstration of how a man could overcome physical paralysis.
- Roosevelt’s first concern as president was:
- public panic caused by the bank failures.
- Collapse of agriculture.
- Problem of widespread unemployment.
- Deflationary spiral which had crippled business.
- The Twenty-first Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the:
- progressive income tax.
- Poll tax, literary test, and other discriminatory voting
restrictions.
- Prohibition on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
- "Quota system" of immigration limitations.
- Initial Implementation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act in 1933 was
controversial because it:
- involved large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock to
reduce surpluses.
- Required farmers to boost agricultural production.
- Outlawed the practices of farmer tenancy and sharecropping.
- Favored the interests of small farmers over those large farmers.
- Of the greatest impact on large numbers of poor farmers was a New Deal
program to:
- provide payments for reduction production in the interest of soil
conversation.
- Help irrigate and reclaim marginal lands for cultivation.
- Provide loans for resettlement.
- Make electrical power available through utility cooperatives.
- Which of the following provisions was not included in the National
Industrial Recovery Act of 1933?
- Trade association agreements on pricing and production.
- Loans by the national government to railroad, banks, and insurance
companies.
- Legal protection to the right of the workers to form unions and
engage in collective bargaining.
- A major program of public works designed to pump needed funds into
the economy.
- The Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act
unconstitutional because it:
- used an overboard definition of interstate commerce.
- Waived antitrust laws for cooperating businesses.
- Granted public money to private corporations.
- Applied only to corporation not partnerships and sole proprietors.
- The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):
- received strong support from the nation’s utility companies.
- Suffered as a result of the collapse of the electrical utility
empire of Samuel Insull.
- Was intended to serve as an agent for comprehensive redevelopment of
the entire region.
- Converted the Tennessee Valley into one of the most prosperous
regions of the country.
- The Roosevelt administration instituted all of the following financial
reforms except to:
- take the country off the gold standard.
- Establish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
- Transfer control over interest rates from the Federal Reserve Board
to Congress.
- Establish the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to police the
stock market.
- To provide assistance to those in need, Roosevelt and his adviser Harry
Hopkins reguarded which of the following as best?
- Cash grants to states.
- Work relief.
- A government dole for individuals.
- Private charity.
- The relief efforts of the early New Deal were intended to:
- stimulate a broad recovery of the economy.
- Be limited in scope and temporary duration.
- Create a permanent welfare system.
- Apply the principles of Keynesian economics.
- Franklin Roosevelt’s political philosophy could most accurately be
described or characterized as:
- pragmatic.
- Laissez-faire.
- Doctrinaire liberal.
- Democratic socialist.
- During the first few days in office, Roosevelt achieved three of the
following, either by proclamation or by congressional enactment. Which is
the exception?
- All banks were closed temporarily.
- The manufacture and sale of 3.2 percent beer was legalized.
- The nation’s commitment to the gold standard was explicitly
reaffirmed.
- Government salaries and veteran’s pensions were reduced in attempt
to balance the budget.
- Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act represented a
significant gain for:
- organized labor.
- Ethnic minorities.
- Trade association.
- The great mass of consumers.
- Three of the following were purposed behind the established of the
Tennessee Valley Authority. Which is the exception?
- Flood control.
- Experimentation with regional planning and rehabilitation.
- The establishment of a standard of comparison for measuring private
power rates.
- The establishment of a precedent for full government ownership and
operation of utilities.
- In addition to putting young men to work, a principal purpose of the
Civilian Conservation Corps was to:
- limit population growth.
- Promote reforestation and land conservation.
- Help young married couples buy homes on easy going mortgage terms.
- Provide an interracial living experience to promote harmony.
- The American Liberty League was dedicated to:
- strong conservative opposition to the New Deal.
- Promoting civil rights for blacks and other minorities.
- Promoting popular support for the spirit of the New Deal.
- A desire among intellectuals to adopt more radical solutions to the
nation’s economic ills.
- The significance of the Wagner Act to organized labor was that it:
- abolished the National Labor Relations Board.
- Provided unemployment benefits for workers on strike.
- Provide strong government protection for the unions.
- Explicitly repudiated the right of collective bargaining.
- The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was organized on the
principle that all workers in a particular industry should be included in
one union.
- Union shop.
- Closed shop.
- Craft Unionism.
- Industrial Unionism.
- The 1935 Social Security Act provided for three of the following. Which is
the exception?
- Retirement benefits.
- Unemployment benefits.
- Health insurance benefits.
- Benefits to dependent children of impoverished parents.
Chapter 27 The Global Crisis
- The series of the treaties signed at the Washington Conference of 1921 to
1922 dealt with three of the following. Which is the exception?
- The limitation of land forces.
- The limitation of naval armaments.
- The reaffirmation of the Open Door in China.
- Mutual respect between the four major powers for territorial
possession in the Pacific.
- The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 pledged the signatory nations to:
- join the league of nations.
- Respect the Open Door policy in China.
- Renounce war as an instrument of national policy.
- A binding regional-security military alliance with one another.
- How did the Hoover administration respond to the Japanese conquest of
Manchuria?
- It supported the Japanese action.
- It imposed economic sanctions on the Japanese.
- It refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the new Japanese
territories.
- It ordered the Pacific fleet to stand by off the China coast.
- In 1933, the United States finally recognized the government of communist
Russia, in part because:
- United States hoped for substantial trade with Russia.
- United States felt it needed a new ally against Hitler.
- Soviet Union completed abandoned support of the Comintern.
- Communists had established their legitimacy through free elections.
- Official recognition of the Soviet regime in Russia by the American
government in 1933 resulted in:
- increased understanding and appreciation of the theories of
communism by most Americans.
- Plans by which the Soviet Union and the United States intended to
contain expansion by fascist governments.
- Significantly increased sales of American manufactured good inside
the Soviet Union.
- Relatively little change in the mutual mistrust which had
characterized Soviet-American relations in the past.
- According to the Dawes Plan of 1924, the United States would:
- provide economics assistance to rebuild the economics of Poland and
Russia.
- Provide loans to Germany, enabling it to pay reparations to Britain
and France.
- Reduce tariff rates, allowing trading partners to increase exports
and thus earn needed funds to repay debts.
- Double its investments in Latin America, providing modern facilities
to weaken the appeal of revolutionary group in the region.
- With regard to Latin America, Herbert Hoover:
- relied on "dollar diplomacy" as William H. Taft had.
- Returned to military intervention as Woodrow Wilson had.
- Renounced the Monroe Doctrine and encourage western European
intervention.
- Repudiated the Roosevelt corollary and refused to send in U.S.
troops when Caribbean nations got into debt problem and political
instability.
- The Good Neighbor policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt applied specifically to:
- Canada.
- Great Britain.
- Latin America.
- The Philippines.
- The Nye committee reached the conclusion that an important factor leading
the United States into war in 1917 was the:
- threat to the balance of power in Europe.
- Power vacuum created by the decline of Turkey.
- Need to protect American bank loans of the Allies.
- Need to portect American overseas colonial possessions.
- The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were based in the assumption that the
Untied States could stay out of war by:
- ending the Depression.
- Freeing all the American colonies.
- Staying out of the League of Nations.
- Banning arms sales to countries at war.
- Which of the following place names most steadily brings to mind
appeasement of the Nazis?
- Dunkirk.
- Munich.
- Stockholm.
- Warsaw.
- World War II in Europe began when Hitler:
- invaded Poland.
- Annexed Austria.
- Occupied Czechoslovakia.
- Signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin.
- The lend-leased bill, the 1941, empowered the president to:
- grant government loans to the Allies.
- Lend physical goods rather than money to the Allies.
- Authorized private American loans to the Allies.
- Abrogate the Neutrality Act of 1939 by executive order.
- Although not yet officially involved in World War II, by the autumn of
1941, the United States was:
- supplying was material to Great Britain.
- Supplying war material to the Soviet Union.
- Escorting convoys of merchant ships in the Atlantic.
- Doing all of the above.
- Which of the following most seriously threatened the Japanese war effort
and forced Japan to choose between conciliated the United States and
enlarging the scope of the war?
- The Stimson Doctrine.
- The League of Nations.
- World reaction to the Panay incident.
- The freezing of Japanese assets in the United States.
- The quiet lull in World War II in Europe in the winter and early spring of
1940 gave rise to the term:
- "phony war."
- "phantom enemy."
- "peace at any cost."
- "missing military."
- The American First Committee advocated:
- immediate U.S. entry into the war, to defend France.
- Concentrated U.S. power in the Pacific.
- Keeping the United States out of the war.
- Significantly increased America assistance to the Allies short of
the actual entry into the war.
- In August 1941 Atlantic Charter, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Winston Churchill:
- decided that as soon as Nazi submarines were controlled in the
Atlantic, military forces should make the defeat of Japan in the
Pacific the "highest priority."
- Announced a set of de facto war aims with "common
principles" that called for the "final destruction of the
Nazi tyranny.
- Resolved defeat Germany as quickly as possible because they both
regarded the Soviet Union as "a greater threat to world self
determination."
- Agreed that the Britain would have principal responsibility for
"command and control" in the Europe theater and that the
Untied States would have in Asia.
- Hirohito.
- Yamamoto.
- Kamikaze.
- Tojo.
- Militarily, the most significant U.S. loss in the attack on Pearl Harbor
was the:
- sinking of eight battleships,
- sinking or disabling of four aircraft carriers.
- Delay on obtaining a congressional declaration of war because of the
demoralizing of the American public.
- Delay in declaring war on Germany because of all the immediate anger
focusing Japan.
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